'EXTRA-REGULARITY' is one of the devices of de-familiarization in Russian formalism. In this technique a rule is added to the regulations of the language leading to foregrounding in literary texts. The process of EXTRA REGULARITY is equivalence in its widest meaning created through verbal repetition which leads to musical tones and enhances the ability of the poet to benefit form language capabilities.In this study, the authors try to examine Hamid Mosadeq's poetry in regards to EXTRA REGULARITY as a literary device through phonological and lexical analysis, in order to see how this technique has assisted Mosadeq to utilize de-familiarization and ultimately to get to foregrounding and a more musical tone in his poems.

In this article we study two different generalizations of von Neumann REGULARITY, namely strong topological REGULARITY and weak REGULARITY, in the Banach algebra context. We show that both are hereditary properties and under certain assumptions, weak REGULARITY implies strong topological REGULARITY. Then we consider strong topological REGULARITY of certain concrete algebras. Moreover we obtain the following non-commutative analog of a result of Kaplansky. A bounded operator T on a Banach space X whose point spectrum sp(T) contains a nonzero complex number, is weakly regular.

The word "History" is used in the Persian Language in two meanings: 1. A collection of written scientific, theoretical and intellectual activities of the historians which is the same as "Science of History"; 2. A collection of incidents and events occurred by the human which implies history in its conventional meaning and is used without adding the word "Science". If we could determine the manner of recognition or acquiring knowledge of history in the second meaning, namely, as a collection of events, the existence of something called "Science of History" would also be proven, thus, we may say that the science of history is really a "Science". The present article by considering the ideas of scientists and historians from the earliest time up to the beginning of the twentieth century, distinguishes the two different meanings of history and follows the developments in the current outlooks about history as well as its REGULARITY and eventuality.

In this article we give a characterization of monoids for which torsion freeness, ((principal) weak, strong) flatness, equalizer flatness or Condition (E) of finitely generated and (mono) cyclic acts and Condition (P) of finitely generated and cyclic acts implies REGULARITY. A characterization of monoids for which all (finitely generated, (mono) cyclic acts are regular will be given too. We also show that monoids for which all regular right acts are WPF, WKF, PWKF, TKF or satisfy Conditions (P), (WP) and (PWP) are the same as those for which all regular right acts are projective or strongly flat. Monoids S with E(S)ÍC(S) or those for which every element of E(S)\{1} is right zero will be characterized, when all (finitely generated, cyclic) right S-acts satisfying Conditions (PWP), (WP), (PE) or (P) are regular. Simple monoids for which all (finitely generated, cyclic) right acts with property U (U is a property of acts over monoids implied by Condition (P)) are regular will be characterized too.

In this paper, we study residuated lattices in order to give new characterizations for dense, regular and Boolean elements in residuated lattices and investigate special residuated lattices in order to obtain new characterizations for the directly indecomposable subvariety of Stonean residuated lattices. Free algebra in varieties of Stonean residuated lattices is constructed. We introduce in residuated lattice a new type of filter called special filter and investigate its properties. Finally, regular filter property in residuated lattices is introduced and is studied in details.

In this paper, we giving certain properties of the commuting regular semigroups, we get significant results on semigroups. Our investigation involve certain interesting class of commuting regular semigroups.

In this paper, we study the Arens REGULARITY properties of module actions and we extend some proposition from Baker, Dales and Lau into general situations. We establish some relationships between topological centers of module actions and factorization properties of them with some results in group algebras.

Let A be a Banach algebra, A’ ’ a Banach A-module. In this paper, we give a simple criterion for the Arens REGULARITY of a bilinear mapping on normed spaces, which applies in particular to Banach module actions, and them investigate those conditions under which the second adjoint of a derivation into a dual Banach algebra module is again a derivation. As a consequence of the main result, a simple and direct proof for several older results is also included. A^(4) is a banach algebra with four Arens products. The bilinear map T is Arens regular when the equality T*** = T^( r***r ). If T: A × A’ ’ → A’ ’ is multiplication left module on A, the following statements are equivalent, i: T is regular ii: T**** = T^(r****r) iii: T****( A’ ’ ’ , A’ ’ ) ⊆ A’ ’ ’ iv: the linear map a → T*( a’ ’ ’ , a): A → A’ ’ ’ is weakly compact for every a’ ’ ’ ∈ A’ ’ ’ . Also If module actions are regular, then every inner derivation D: A → A’ ’ ’ is weakly compact; moreover, D**: (A’ ’ , □ ) → A^(5) and D**: (A’ ’ , ⋄ ) → A^(5) are also inner derivation.

Among norm-deviationist poets, Nizami Ganjavi can be considered as a poet, who has used the method offoregroundingin hisspeech. In Nizami's works, metaphorical language compared to other literary techniqueshas been mostly utilized. Yet, we cannot overlook the other literary techniques in his works. Different norm deviations, such as melodic, grammatical, and lexical deviations are apparent in all Nizami's works. He has soartistically deviated from the standard language and attracted the reader to his poems using varieddefamiliarizations. He has not only used deviations as a means of stimulating the reader’s mind in his poems, but also as a way of controlling the Metresinthem. When examining norm-deviation in old works, it is necessary to consider the standard language of the poet at the time of writing his worksinceconsidering the contemporary language by the researcher results in errors. This important principle is regardedwhen investigating norm-deviation in Nizami's works. Introduction The study of norm-deviation was first articulated by formalists like Roman Jakobson and Jan Mukařovský. The school of formalism emerged from the collective activities of people like Jakobson. We can hardly name a Persian poet like Nizami that has versified his poems with the help of norm-deviation as the primary means. In this article, we defined EXTRA REGULARITY after defining defamiliarization and foregrounding. Examples weregiven from the four works of Nizami, i. e., Makhzan-al-Asrâr, Leyli o Majnun, Haft Peykar, and Khosrow o Shirin. Then, we thoroughly discussed norm-deviation and its kinds, and eachkindof the eight norm-deviationswas reviewed. Finally, phonological norm-deviation was examined and some examples weregiven for every sub-kind. Defamiliarization Defamiliarization in literature comes from norm-deviation,in fact, norm-deviation creates artistic works, which poets and authors create with the help of languagebecause of the relationship between language and literature. The creations are used by language and contribute to its growth. Foregrounding is the usage of the elements of language in a way that both considers the tone and is unconventional. Geoffrey Leech believes that foregrounding is created from norm-deviation and EXTRA REGULARITY, in norm-deviation, a deviation is made in the rules governing language and in EXTRA REGULARITY, new rules are added to the language. No deviation from the norms of language is made in EXTRA REGULARITY. Rather, new rules, which differ from norm-deviationin origin, are added to it because norm-deviation is a device of poem and results in a poem, but the result of EXTRA REGULARITY is tone and melody. Geoffrey Leech divides norm-deviation into eight variations: lexical, grammatical, writing, semantic, dialectal, stylistic, historical, and phonological. Lexical norm-deviation: Amethod that the poet uses for foregrounding by creating new words is called lexical norm-deviation. Semantic norm-deviation: Every semantic figure of speech, such as simile, metaphor, and metonymy, is considered a semantic norm-deviation. Grammatical norm-deviation: Regular conventional grammatical rules in different languages create a kind of habituation to those rules. Changing these rules is called grammatical norm-deviation. Dialectal norm-deviation: Sometimes, the poet or author brings in words to the standard language used in speech in his dialect. In case he brings words that do not already exist in the standard language, his norm-deviation is called dialectal norm-deviation. Stylistic norm-deviation: The poet can diverge from the standard language and use colloquialism. For example, when the word کژ (kazh) is followed by the meaningless word مژ (mazh), it removes the word کژ (kazh) from the written language and brings it into a colloquial language. Historical norm-deviation: In historical norm-deviation, familiar words from anold language are often used or the ancient form of the words are used,for example, using نبشت (nebesht) instead of نوشت (nevesht). Phonological norm-deviation: phonological norm deviation is any kind of disobeying the standard language by phonological rules that results in the creation of new phonological norms. Although in Nizami's works, especially Makhzan-al-Asrar, semantic norm-deviations, particularly metonymy and metaphorwereused more than other norm deviations, his works werefull of foregrounding. Conclusion Although among Nizami's works, especially in Makhzan-al-Asrâr, semantic norm-deviations and specifically metonymical and metaphorical oneswereappliedmore than lexical norm-deviation, many instances of lexical foregrounding werefound in his poems. Nizami made a leverage of foregrounding so masterfully that he not only boosted the inner rhythms of his poems, but also constantly influencedhis reader’smind with words that had lost their emotional effects in the standard language due to the familiarity of the reader’s mind with them.